Explosive and passionate, opens the active exchange between 13 and 14 years in men and between 14 and 15 in women. A joint survey by UNICEF and breakfast Foundation found that 60% of adolescents aged 14 to 19 years began sex before age 15. It also found that condom use at first intercourse is high: 89% of respondents confessed to having started with protection. Good start. But the news is not all that optimistic.

According to figures provided by this survey, condom use remains constant at 69% of respondents to 18 years, when the number of care is precipitated. Why?

"Not using condoms is associated with a partner considered 'stable' or 'reliable', says the UNICEF report. And Dr. Mabel Bianco adds:" At around 18 years, many girls start taking contraceptives because they form relationships considered more stable, although stability may mean they are together a few months. As fear is pregnancy and not to infection, abandon condoms. Furthermore, it is common that their partners are older and are reluctant to use them. The greater the man, the lower the possibility for women to impose their own conditions. "

An Allan Guttmacher Institute report describes another side of the phenomenon: "When asked sexually active women who do not want to get pregnant the reason for not using a contraceptive method, the most common answer is that they have sex infrequently -which suggests a lack of understanding of their risk of unintended pregnancy. The next most common response is that they do not like the side effects or perceived risks to health associated with modern contraceptives, suggesting the need for services provide a wide range of contraceptive choice. "

A lack of awareness of the need to protect joins a growing number of teenagers, the explosive combination of alcohol, drugs and sex.

"Sex does not care is associated with lack of control and the girls who went through a hangover the next day they did not know," reveals Dr. Bianco.

Emergency contraception is an alternative capable of stopping the tsunami, but as its name declaims, solve any emergencies. No professional, not even those who advocate its use, the strategy recommended as a regular birth control.

Still, there are teenagers in the morning have no record of the need to resort to it. Simply lost control of the situation.

"In the Buenos Aires metropolitan area and in areas of greatest poverty is heavy traffic of drugs. In the middle and upper classes are pre-parties and parties that introduce the illegal substances and that other drug as accepted but is also addictive and destructive: alcohol. "

The result of unprotected sex is not very difficult to predict.

PREGNANCY PREDICTABLE

According to data from the Bureau of Health Statistics and Information, an agency under the aegis of the Ministry of Health of the Nation, the 32.47% of the total 700,000 births per year, corresponding to lower 20.

In general girls are biologically fertile but become emotionally resistant bra, mirror and nest requires the birth of a child.

In many, especially among the popular sectors, pregnancy is a choice. A study by researcher Juliana Marcús Argentina published in the Journal of Sociology, looked at the young and young neighborhoods of Buenos Aires and depressed areas within the country and found that the few opportunities for work and carrying out the educational circuit early expulsion imposes maternity as the only way of affirmation and fulfillment. "Many times all pregnancies are unplanned and wanted these young women and motherhood is a resigned acceptance of fate inherent in being a woman," he says.

The women of the middle and high, however, associated to a lesser extent female achievement and happiness with motherhood, a trend more pronounced the younger, educated and active they are.

But beyond vocations and mandates, the "accident" remains one of the busiest roads of arrival in an unexpected pregnancy: "Having never had a delay thought the method was used to finish off, until one day I came . had 10 days late, I did a test and I tested positive, "says Marcela, 17, in a meeting organized by the National Network on sexual health and rights. "I do not know what to do," he continues, "I consulted a friend, on the Internet and decided to abort but did not dare, so I'm continuing with the pregnancy." He says, with resignation.

A pregnancy outside all personal plans is an extreme situation. The inner world is broken. The coordinates on which rests the life go awry. The partners will cross faults like darts. When the couple was only occasional, there is growing resentment and heightened fears. The feeling of irreversibility imprisons. Sustained involuntary pregnancies involving the birth of a child uncomfortable that nobody wants or can hold emotionally. Make a living, yes, but the absence of a desire to function as symbolic cradle prior to birth, marking.

Motherhood is a process that requires presence and psycho-physical and emotional energy. You must be willing. Because even for those who have a desire to be a mother, would have to be aware that this desire is not synonymous with the desire to have a child, and discriminates the French psychoanalyst Serge Levobici. And for teenagers, a child generally means feeling torn from her time and installed in the future, jump that has a high price to pay sooner or later all.

Although no desire to be mothers, nor the desire to take care of a child, or even appears the association between sexuality and childbearing potential, pregnancy occur. Biology meets its rhythm.

29% of adolescents aged 14 to 19 years studied by Unicef ​​and the Foundation Guest confessed "to have been pregnant, but said to have had no son."

METHODS, ONE BY ONE

BARRIER CONTRACEPTIVE

Barrier methods prevent sperm from entering the woman's body. Should be used in each sex and is indispensable that are in place and used throughout the relationship.

MALE CONDOM

It's a very thin latex sheath that fits over the erect penis before penetration and is used throughout intercourse.

It is easily accessible, inexpensive and method capable of preventing sexually transmitted diseases including AIDS and hepatitis B, so also be used during anal intercourse and oral sex (see box).

FEMALE CONDOM

The first model to appear on the market was a huge device made of polyurethane noise grocery bag. The current female condom is made from a material called Nitrile, which feels much more natural, it takes the body temperature, and no sound. It can also be used by people allergic to latex. The great benefits are offered double protection against pregnancy and against sexually transmitted infections and give women autonomy of use.

Some female condoms come pre-lubricated. But can also be used extra lubrication with water-based products, never oil based lubricants.

Some men prefer the female condom to the male as it does not constrict the penis, while contact with the sponge in some female condoms increases sexual sensation and pleasure. In Argentina, the public health system does not provide this method. You buy in pharmacies but is more expensive than male condoms.

SPERMICIDES

These are substances that act by contact on the sperm and improve the effectiveness of barrier methods. They come in various dosage forms: creams, gels, foams, tablets, eggs. The most widely used spermicide in our country are the Nonoxynol-9 and benzalkonium chloride and less frequently the octoxynol or Mefengol.

Be made in advance with no more than 1 hour on the relationship (as they lose their spermicidal activity with the passage of time) and not less than 10 to 15 minutes (to allow time for its dissolution, if eggs or tablets .) We must avoid any vaginal hygiene for a minimum of 7 hours after intercourse. Due to its high failure rate, is recommended for use associated with a barrier method such as condom or diaphragm. You can have side effects associated with allergic reactions to any component.

VAGINAL SPONGES

They are impregnated polyurethane sponges or Nonoxynol Benzalkonium chloride, which release the spermicide in the vaginal environment. Are arranged as a buffer can be easily removed.

Are disposable Depues intercourse. They offer continuous protection for 24 hours and must be removed 6 to 8 hours after the last relationship.

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) have a little thread of silver, copper or gold, placed inside the uterus by a professional, it creates a hostile environment that paralyzes sperm preventing it from rising by the genital tract. There are also IUDs that release hormones that act locally, with minimal passage of the substance to the systemic circulation. Should be monitored regularly and are a very safe, effective, reversible, because when you stop using, it may cause pregnancy.

Periodic Abstinence

Calculating calendar, basal temperature and cervical mucus, among others, are methods based on knowledge of the time of ovulation. Are to avoid having sex when the woman is ovulating (fertile period in which you can get pregnant). It is considered a low efficiency method for the difficulties in determining the fertile period.

SURGICAL METHODS OF STERILIZATION

In the male: Vasectomy is a surgical method of sterilization for men who are sure of not wanting to have children. The surgery involves cutting or tying the tubes through which sperm are transported. Does not interfere with the desire, sexual potency and not in the ejaculate.

In women: Tubal ligation is the section and / or ligation of the fallopian tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus. Following this surgery, the egg can not meet the sperm. It provides permanent contraception for women who do not want children. It is a definitive surgical procedure.

The Withdrawal, ie the man ejaculates or finish outside of the vagina is not a contraceptive method. Before ejaculation the man ejected a few drops of semen which also have enough sperm to produce a pregnancy and the transmission of a sexually transmitted disease.

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES

Hormonal methods are different contraceptive preparations containing female hormones and can be administered orally or by injection. In any of the presentations prevent the occurrence of ovulation. These methods are safe and fully reversible, because when you stop using, you can get pregnant.

There are special pills for when the woman is breastfeeding.

It is important to consult a specialist to determine how best to use a hormonal birth control under medical supervision.

THE DAY AFTER PILL

The debate on mechanism of action of the morning-after pill continues. It has generated arduous fighting even among public hospital doctors who refuse to administer them.

It is recommended as a method unique to avoid to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or method failure if used, eg condom breaking. According to a report of the Argentina Society of Pediatrics, the morning after pill "is to take two tablets of 0.75 mg levonorgestrel separated by twelve hours, within three days" after an unprotected intercourse, although the sooner the better. "It works by preventing ovulation and fertilization." That is to say that "it is an abortifacient, does not interrupt a pregnancy or gives him any harm" to the baby if the pregnancy has already occurred. Clarifies that it is a method of emergency and only for an emergency ..